Eye diseases affect many people worldwide and can have severe impacts on quality of life and function. Fortunately, numerous eye conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal injury, now have the option of surgical treatment. Cataracts are the leading cause of preventable blindness in the developing world. It is an age-related disease that requires the opaque
While the sensation of pain is ubiquitous, the report of or reaction to pain can differ dramatically across species and individuals. Researchers have divided the perception of pain into two branches: the ‘sensory-discriminative’ and ‘affective-motivational’ components.1 The former refers to information regarding the location, modality, or intensity of stimuli that can be captured by the
Endometrial ablation provides relief from heavy menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia, for millions of women worldwide 1. This minimally invasive procedure offers a long-term solution for those who suffer from excessive menstrual bleeding and would like to avoid undergoing more invasive options such as hysterectomy. Understanding the success rates of endometrial ablation is crucial for both
The use of social media to make medical decisions is a growing trend in the healthcare industry. In the context of patients, around 80% of social media users utilize these sites to research hospitals, physicians, and medical conditions (1). Social media and other online platforms are significant sources of health information, whether accurate or not.
An infusion pump is a medical device utilized to deliver controlled amounts of fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient’s body. Infusion pumps play a pivotal role in administering a diverse range of substances, including nutrients, insulin, hormones, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers. These pumps find extensive application in various healthcare settings,
Intercostal nerve blockade is a multi-level, regional technique that can provide analgesia or act as an anesthetic adjunct in various situations. Indications for an intercostal nerve block include costochondritis, incisional pain from thoracic surgery, breast surgery, rib fractures, and post-herpetic neuralgia (1). Additionally, utilization of this technique can reduce postoperative opioid consumption. Intercostal nerve block
Olanzapine is a medication that is most commonly administered for mental and mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The drug is categorized as an atypical antipsychotic (also known as a second-generation antipsychotic) because in contrast to earlier antipsychotic drugs, olanzapine exerts its action by interacting with dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain
The pre-anesthesia physical exam is one component of a larger preoperative evaluation that takes place to reduce a patient’s level of surgical risk and optimize outcomes. Preoperative evaluations help reduce the amount of time patients spend in the hospital and lower medical costs (2). Furthermore, evaluating a patient’s cardiac, pulmonary, and respiratory health significantly lowers
Intraoperative monitoring of body organs typically focuses on either the diseased organ or overall physical functioning; the brain is not typically monitored separately [1]. However, there has been growing interest in neural monitoring as another way to assess patient status during surgery. The existing literature on neural monitoring during surgery is typically separated by the
To achieve a state of sedation or unconsciousness for surgery, patients receive anesthetic drugs, either alone or in combination, that affect the brain and nervous system. Studies indicate that disrupting the normal functioning of these targets can lead to undesirable side effects. Anesthesia is associated with several cognitive risks, ranging from short-term confusion to longer-term memory