Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following the administration of local anesthetics. It occurs when local anesthetics reach supratherapeutic levels in systemic circulation, leading to adverse effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Clinical management of LAST relies on its rapid identification and a subsequent
Recognition of pain in the post-operative period – whether due to patients reporting their pain or clinical appraisal of pain – is imperative for adequate analgesic management. As anesthesia used during the procedure wears off, maintaining an appropriate level of pain relief is essential for patient outcomes and recovery. Common tools for pain reporting in
Anesthetic agents come in various forms, including oral and intravenous (IV), and have different chemical compositions to suit different clinical situations and patient needs. Anesthetics with both oral and IV forms provide versatility, allowing healthcare providers to tailor sedation and analgesia depending on factors such as the procedure type, patient health, and the desired onset
The anesthetic management of patients with tracheal stenosis presents a number of significant challenges, including the potential for airway obstruction, difficulty in ventilation, and an increased risk of perioperative complications. Tracheal stenosis, defined as a narrowing of the tracheal lumen, can result from a variety of different etiologies, including prolonged intubation, trauma, infections, and inflammatory
Predicting postoperative outcomes is a critical aspect of surgical planning and patient management. Understanding the potential risks and complications that might arise after surgery helps healthcare providers deliver better care and improve patient recovery rates. One of the key factors in this predictive process is the assessment of comorbidities— the presence of additional diseases or
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition that causes high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. While the signs and symptoms of PH can be nonspecific, patients usually present with shortness of breath and fatigue, which progressively worsen over time until right-sided heart failure develops. Changes in respiratory and cardiovascular stability in pulmonary hypertension
The management of postoperative pain in pediatric patients is a critical component of surgical care, as it directly influences recovery speed, overall comfort, and the risk of developing chronic pain. Anesthetic agents play a pivotal role in this context, with Propofol and Sevoflurane being two commonly used drugs for maintenance anesthesia in children. Both agents
Fascial plane nerve blocks are a type of regional anesthesia that offer versatile and effective pain management in various surgical and chronic pain settings. By targeting specific planes within the fascial layers, these nerve blocks provide localized analgesia with minimal side effects, enhancing patient comfort and recovery. A fascial plane nerve block involves injecting
Eye diseases affect many people worldwide and can have severe impacts on quality of life and function. Fortunately, numerous eye conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal injury, now have the option of surgical treatment. Cataracts are the leading cause of preventable blindness in the developing world. It is an age-related disease that requires the opaque
While the sensation of pain is ubiquitous, the report of or reaction to pain can differ dramatically across species and individuals. Researchers have divided the perception of pain into two branches: the ‘sensory-discriminative’ and ‘affective-motivational’ components.1 The former refers to information regarding the location, modality, or intensity of stimuli that can be captured by the